When Anatoly Khrapchinsky, the head of a weapons manufacturing company and defense expert, recommends looking not at imported schemes but at Russia's internal capabilities—he means a specific factory in Minsk.
"Integral": From Tennis Federation to Missiles
The Belarusian scientific and production holding "Integral"—an enterprise with Minsk addresses and Soviet roots—supplied microchips to Russia worth over 130 million euros from March 2022 to June 2024. The company's net profit in 2023 increased 40-fold compared to the pre-war 2021. According to investigative data, "Integral" receives components for its own production through Kazakhstan—and they arrive there from German companies via Poland and Turkey.
Oreshnik, Kh-38, and a Supermarket in Kostiantynivka
Fragments of the "Oreshnik," which Russia used to strike Ukraine on May 24, 2025, contained microchips manufactured in Belarus—this was publicly stated by Ukraine's special representative on sanctions policy Vladislav Vlasiuk. Products from the same Minsk factory are installed in aviation missiles Kh-39 and Kh-38.
"The strike on a supermarket in Kostiantynivka would have been impossible without Belarusian microchips"
—an investigation based on documents from the private intelligence company Dallas, which published correspondence between Russia's Ministry of Industry and Trade and Belarus's Military-Industrial Committee
In that August 9, 2024 strike, 14 people were killed, including children. Another 44 were wounded.
Manufacturing, Not Just Transit
Khrapchinsky's key thesis—confirmed by data from Ukrainian and Belarusian investigations—is that Belarus has shifted from the role of transit hub to manufacturer. After sanctions against Russia were imposed, demand for Belarusian defense industry products surged sharply, and Minsk responded with accelerated investments. A plant for manufacturing composite elements for UAVs, frozen back in 2020, was completed and launched in February 2025—less than a year after construction resumed.
Besides "Integral," in 2025 the cabinets of Russia and Belarus agreed on supplies from six more enterprises: "Monolith," "DELS," "NIIEOM," KB "Display," "Tsvetotron," and "Peleng." This is no longer a gray zone—it is coordinated industrial cooperation, documented in inter-governmental correspondence.
Sanctions Loophole with a Return Address
The sanctions evasion scheme has a specific geography: West → Poland/Turkey → Kazakhstan → Belarus → Russia. The company "SD Electro," which features in investigations, confirmed the possibility of supplying goods from the USA and Europe through Belarusian intermediaries. Ukraine is calling on partners to limit Belarus's access to foreign technologies and introduce new sanctions—but without a control mechanism for third-country transit nations, these calls remain declarations.
If Kazakhstan and Turkey do not receive specific incentives—or face costs—for continuing transit, Belarusian "Integral" will continue to grow several-fold annually as long as hostilities continue.
